Myelodysplastic syndrome is a group of conditions that makes the bone marrow unable to produce enough healthy blood cells, leading to an excess of abnormally developed cells. Based on the type and number of blood cells affected and the genetic material in the bone marrow, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) can be categorized into multiple subtypes. To get a precise MDS diagnosis, one should keep an eye out for the following warning signs of the condition:

1. Fatigue
MDS can result in anemia, i.e., low red blood cell (RBC) count. The primary function of RBCs is to carry nutrients and oxygen to various parts of the body. When the body does not have enough of these cells, it may experience fatigue. This lack of energy may be accompanied by paleness, general weakness, shortness of breath, cold hands and feet, dizziness, and irregular heart rate.

2. Unexplained bruising
When MDS affects platelets, the cells responsible for clotting blood, one may experience thrombocytopenia, i.e., low platelet count. This can cause bleeding into the skin and unexplained bruises. Here, one may notice pinpoint-sized spots on the skin called petechiae.

3. Unusual bleeding
One may bleed more often than usual, and even a minor bump or a scrape can cause bleeding as the blood is unable to clot quickly. In some cases, one may experience spontaneous nose bleeds. Getting dental work done can also increase the risk of bleeding from the gums.

4. Infections
MDS can also lead to a drop in a type of white blood cells called neutrophils. This is called neutropenia. As white blood cells help fight infections and keep the immune system strong, a shortage here could lead to a weakened immune system. It can make the body prone to infections, and one may seem to fall sick often. The throat, lungs, mouth, ear, skin, sinuses, and gums would typically be more susceptible to infections.

It should be noted that many people with the condition do not show any signs or symptoms. In such cases, diagnosis may be made incidentally or based on the findings of various blood reports. Nevertheless, one should keep an eye out for these warning signs and consult a doctor upon noticing them.